Natural Resources Advisory

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Delivering Oil & Gas expertise and technologies into the Geothermal industry

Credit: Bell Geospace

Image credit: Bell Geospace Limited

Case study: Airborne Full Tensor Gravity Gradiometry acquisition and modelling for deep geothermal exploration

Benefits of Full Tensor Gravity (Gradiometry) FTG

FTG was originally developed by Lockheed Martin for military applications and has been utilised more and more over the past 20 years by both the mining and petroleum industries. Air-FTG™ is a trademark of Bell Geospace Limited.

The primary benefits over and above traditional land base gravity surveying are two-fold:

  • Airborne acquisition enables the survey to be completed in a vastly reduced timescale than traditional land based methods.

  • FTG records the second derivative of the gravity field (the ‘Tensor) simultaneously and in parallel with the scalar gravity, enhancing the efficiency of the acquisition process.

The significance of this ‘dual’ recording is that the modelling capabilities are significantly enhanced. 

The derivative or ‘rate of change’ of the gravity field provides a remarkable increase in the resolution of the abrupt subsurface density changes often associated with faults, graben margins, volcanic intrusions and in particular salt intrusions and diapirs.

To determine the potential of forward 3D modelling of the Projekt THERMO Air-FTG, indicative 2D modelling was undertaken by Metatek Group Limited using a 2D seismic line in the area.

How do we utilise the Air-FTG™ gravity survey to reduce geothermal exploration risk?

To understand the salt structure in the subsurface.  Seismic signals are often unable to penetrate subsurface salt, therefore making imaging beneath salt difficult. Are there rocks below the salt that can be targeted for geothermal exploration, or is it all salt?

In the example 2D seismic section below used for forward gravity modelling we can see two salt diapirs in the sedimentary section. The salt disrupts the seismic signal, that disruption widens with depth.  The flanks of the salt diapir are therefore difficult to image and interpret. The current interpretation stops at the edges of the salt diapirs.

The Air-FTG™ data allows us to model the thickness and distribution of the salt in areas where the seismic doesn’t penetrate.  In Model 1 of the 2D seismic section we mapped the salt as a large thick body.  However, the gravity response we would expect from that model doesn’t match the FTG data.

In Model 2, we changed the thickness of the salt so that it is a true diapir, with a thick bulbous top and a thin salt feeder.

Supporting Oil and Gas, Utilities and Renewables companies with their geothermal projects

We are in discussion with a number of companies about:

  • transitioning their legacy assets into geothermal electricity production

  • re-purposing of end-of-life oil and gas wells to geothermal power generation

  • new drilling to co-locate geothermal power generation alongside PV solar and wind turbine farms

Case study: OMV

As the Operator we partnered with OMV on an advanced geophysical exploration programme to acquire an airborne 5’000 km² Air-FTG Survey from November 2022 to February 2023, to evaluate the geothermal prospectivity in Lower Saxony, Germany.   The Air-FTG survey was acquired by Bell Geospace Limited.

This was the first time Full Tensor Gravity has been acquired in Europe for geothermal exploration, yet is a technology proven in oil and gas exploration to reduce risk in subsurface resource exploration.

Credit: Bell Geospace

Image credit: Bell Geospace Limited